Zozibini Tunzi, a Black woman with afro hair, grew up reading fashion and beauty magazines that did not contain images of women who looked like her. So when she was crowned Miss South Africa one year ago, Tunzi felt on top of the world.
Four months after her national victory, she was actually on top of the world, at least by title — as 2019 Miss Universe, advancing over women from 89 countries in one of the most prestigious annual beauty pageants.
Miss Universe 2019, Zozibini Tunzi, receives the crown from 2018 winner Catriona Gray. Credit: Valerie Macon/AFP/Getty Images
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The 26-year-old became the third South African to accomplish the feat; but most notably, she became the first in the history of the pageant to win with afro-textured hair — an acknowledgment of Black beauty on the international stage.
With beauty contests historically dominated by lighter-skinned contestants, Tunzi said she didn’t know it was possible for someone like her to become Miss Universe.
“But now, I confidently know that when you ask a young girl who looks like me, do they know that they can become Miss Universe, I know that they can say that they can,” she said in a video interview.
Since then, Tunzi’s reign has unfolded unlike any other; a few months into her role, the coronavirus pandemic stymied any travel she would have done as part of her typical crown duties.
But from her New York apartment, she continues to advocate for gender equality and greater representation of Black women in the beauty realm.
Shifting the status quo
Tunzi’s Miss Universe win was significant, set against the backdrop of centuries of under-representation for Black women in the beauty industry, according to Lori Tharps, professor, podcast host and co-author of “Hair Story: Untangling the Roots of Black Hair in America.”
Early in their histories, beauty pageants — some dating back to the 1920s — barred women of color from participating. Here, a group of contestants pose during the 1955 Miss Universe pageant. It would be another 22 years before a Black woman won the crown. Credit: ullstein bild via Getty Images
Historically, she says, beauty standards were set by and for White women.
But it wasn’t just that White beauty standards were the “norm.” “There was a parallel campaign that kinky hair, dark skin, wide noses (and) more curvaceous features all signified something inferior,” Tharps explained in a phone interview.
In the US, public imagery — from ad campaigns to blackface — denigrated Black females, even into the 1960s and ’70s, she said. The deep roots of that inequality persist today.
“We are still in this place of struggle to acknowledge Black beauty, not in relation to Whiteness, but simply in and of itself.”
But with Miss Universe, Tharps added, “she’s beautiful because she’s beautiful, not because she looks like a White woman. She won being a darker-skinned African woman with undeniably African textured hair. So that is a remarkable feat.”
Zozibini Tunzi walks down the runway at the 2019 Africa Fashion International in Sandton, South Africa. Credit: Oupa Bopape/Gallo Images via Getty Images
Leading up to her run as Miss South Africa, Tunzi courageously defied pressure to cover up her natural hair — and carried that through to Miss Universe.
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“A lot of people asked me … ‘so are you going to put on a weave; are you going to change your hair?’ And those questions are what made me resistant,” Tunzi recalled.
The natural hair movement gained momentum in the early 2000s, according to Tharps, alongside a larger societal shift toward eco-friendly products and practices.
A 2019 report by market intelligence firm Mintel found that nearly eight in 10 Black consumers in the US now have chemically-free hair, and “prefer product collections made for their specific texture, hair issues and styling choices.”
Recently, more inclusive makeup lines such as Rihanna’s Fenty Beauty have also signaled disruption in the beauty industry.
“I feel beautiful in my short, afro hair,” Tunzi said. “This is how it grows out of my head … and I wanted the world to see it like that.”
Not everyone saw it that way; Tunzi received comments on social media calling her a “downgrade,” and “underwhelming” after taking the Miss Universe title. She said that whileit was hard to read those words, she knows that there are young girls and women across the globe who will look at her and feel represented.
A stepping stone for change
2019 was a banner year for representation in pageants. In addition to Tunzi’s historic moment, Black women also won the 2019 Miss America, Miss USA, Miss Teen USA and Miss World competitions.
“When that started happening, I was like, ‘Look world, it’s possible that you can have more than one Black woman at the table.’ It sort of dismantled that tokenism,” Tunzi said.
Zozibini Tunzi (right), pictured in New York City with Miss USA Cheslie Kryst (left) and Miss Teen USA Kaliegh Garris. Credit: Raymond Hall/GC Images/Getty Images
Tharps believes these wins signify progress during a period of global racial reckoning but cautions against overstating their significance.
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“I hesitate to say that we have finally acknowledged that Black is beautiful, but in the symbolism that is a beauty pageant, they are a good barometer of where we are (as a) society in terms of what we are able to see as beautiful,” Tharps said.
While the women are excellent role models championing that message, she said widespread policies banning discrimination around natural hair — such as in the workplace and in schools — still need to be enacted to affect real change.
“(The pageant wins) are stepping stones towards the final win. When you put the stones together, you have a path to equality.”
Top image caption: Tunzi in New York, December 2019.
The victory of the South African Zozibini Tunzi in the dispute for the 68th edition of the Miss Universe stirred up the debate on representation and self-esteem, especially of black women, on social networks.
Conquest by the South African Zozibini Tunzi moved social networks and the debate on representation among the Brazilian black community; Alma Preta heard two black models about the result of the contest
After winning the tournament held in Atlanta (USA), on Sunday night (8), Zozibini Tunzi criticized the standards of beauty in society and pointed to the importance of achievement for the self-esteem of the black community.
“I grew up in a world where a woman with my skin, my looks and my hair wasn’t considered pretty. This ends today! I want kids to see their faces reflect on mine,” she says.
Suellen Massena has a family of models and works for Hutu, an exclusive black casting agency. In an interview with Alma Preta, she highlighted the achievement of Tunzi.
“I was very happy, very happy. I can’t add dimension to it. She is echoing our voice saying to many others who cannot have people close, aware, that we are also beautiful, intelligent and can also reach prominent places, not just the space that white people determine that we occupy. We manage to go much further and have the potential for that”, she says.
Zozibini Tunzi is the first black woman to win the contest since 2011, when Angolan Leila Lopes won the trump card. The South African beat 89 other competitors and saw her professional companions Madison Anderson, from Puerto Rico, and Sofía Aragón, from Mexico, in second and third place respectively.
Questions
Daniela Izabel, model at the Silvia agency, producer with casting of models from the periphery, and a student in Social Sciences, questions the existence of contests like the one for Miss Universe.
“What I think about this subject is a criticism about why and for what a beauty contest in the middle of 2019. [It’s] the turn of the decade and we are still concerned about judging or bringing some concept of specific beauty”, she criticizes .
The existing judgments during a beauty contest and the racial selectivity existing in Brazil kept the Suellen model away from competitions like this during her life.
“I was never connected to beauty pageants, I always hated it for obvious reasons. My beauty was never a standard. I was never considered beautiful. People with the same features as mine were never considered beautiful, with the same skin tone, hair type… That was not the standard of beauty”, she recalls.
“More important than this representation that it brings, is what it has, what it actually is. She is a black woman, inky, and has her curly hair in a low cut, with expressive features, that is South African. She brings a lot of information with her, and when she wins, she still wins by putting a whole political discourse at stake, talking about racism, about all the black women in her life, who don’t see each other”, says Daniela Izabel.
Despite criticism of competitions like these, both models recognize the importance of Zozibini Tunzi’s Miss Universe victory.
Suellen prefers to highlight the importance that an achievement like this can have in strengthening the self-esteem of black people. For her, this is a fundamental factor in changing social dynamics.
“If we are aware of what we are, no one will say what we are or are not. I believe that the movement has happened from another perspective, we have been doing our homework, [has] focused on our discovery, we are increasingly focused on ourselves and we are teaching those close to us to also turn to themselves . We have been empowering our people to fill these places that are also ours”, she says.
Daniela, however, points out the limitations of the achievement and believes that other demands and attention are needed.
“We know that the structures still need to be balanced. We know that it’s not just the face that has to be printed in black. We know that within any structure, in the off part, there must be black people doing it”, she ponders.
